幕墻鋁單板施工特點

來源：沈陽鋁單板廠家 發布時間：2020-08-24

　　鋁單板幕(mu)墻(qiang)屬于鋁單板外圍護結構，技術復雜程度(du)高，影(ying)響鋁單板幕(mu)墻(qiang)施工(gong)安全(quan)因素眾多，施工(gong)安全(quan)風(feng)險較大(da)，給幕(mu)墻(qiang)鋁單板施工(gong)管(guan)理帶(dai)來較大(da)難度(du)，恒拓針對鋁單板幕(mu)墻(qiang)的特點(dian)，就施工(gong)安全(quan)方(fang)面進(jin)行分析和探討。

　1、鋁單板幕墻施工(gong)的特點(dian)分析

　　鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)面板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)支(zhi)承結(jie)構(gou)（詞(ci)條“支(zhi)承結(jie)構(gou)”由(you)行業(ye)大百科提(ti)供）體系(支(zhi)承裝置與(yu)支(zhi)承結(jie)構(gou))組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)、可相對(dui)主(zhu)體鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)構(gou)有(you)(you)一(yi)定位移能(neng)力(li)或自身有(you)(you)一(yi)定變形能(neng)力(li)、不承擔主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)所(suo)受(shou)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)外圍護結(jie)構(gou)。隨(sui)著我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化和(he)(he)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)持續(xu)高速發(fa)展，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)仍將帶動鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)大量應(ying)用(yong)。鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)作(zuo)為現(xian)代(dai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)重要表(biao)(biao)現(xian)形式越來(lai)(lai)越廣泛，涉及(ji)多層、高層、超高鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)普遍應(ying)用(yong)。尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大跨(kua)度公共(gong)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)程更是(shi)(shi)(shi)如此。如機場、車(che)站、會展中(zhong)心等城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)標志性鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)典型(xing)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)。作(zuo)為現(xian)代(dai)化鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)標志和(he)(he)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)外形表(biao)(biao)現(xian)形式，在(zai)未來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)國(guo)內(nei)、國(guo)際城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)仍然占據重要位置。改革開發(fa)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)，鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)行業(ye)持續(xu)快速發(fa)展，在(zai)國(guo)民經(jing)濟中(zhong)的(de)(de)地位和(he)(he)作(zuo)用(yong)逐漸(jian)增強，鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)外圍護結(jie)構(gou)已經(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)為我(wo)國(guo)鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)行業(ye)內(nei)專(zhuan)業(ye)細分的(de)(de)一(yi)個新興產業(ye)，從這些年(nian)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)案(an)例來(lai)(lai)看，由(you)于工(gong)(gong)人室(shi)外露天高空(kong)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)特征，它的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個事故多發(fa)的(de)(de)過程。鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全隱患已經(jing)引(yin)起社(she)會的(de)(de)廣泛關注。有(you)(you)關鋁(lv)(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全方面的(de)(de)分析與(yu)研究非常有(you)(you)實際意義(yi)。

　　2、高(gao)空懸掛(gua)平臺施(shi)工作業

　　鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)是鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)物的(de)外圍(wei)護結(jie)構(gou)，其須固定設置在鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)物的(de)外立(li)面，隨(sui)著鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)物向高(gao)層和超高(gao)層（詞條“超高(gao)層”由行(xing)(xing)業大(da)百(bai)科提(ti)供）的(de)方向發展，主體(ti)鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)結(jie)構(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)升降式腳手架已無法滿足鋁(lv)單(dan)(dan)(dan)板(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)要。幕(mu)墻(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位往(wang)往(wang)大(da)量使(shi)用吊(diao)籃(lan)進行(xing)(xing)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業。這種(zhong)吊(diao)籃(lan)裝置給施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全管理帶來作(zuo)業風險加大(da)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位必須制定相(xiang)應(ying)完善(shan)可行(xing)(xing)的(de)高(gao)處作(zuo)業、吊(diao)籃(lan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)組織方案(an)及安全操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程，并切實(shi)加強日常監督檢查工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，不斷消除安全隱(yin)患，確保(bao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全。

　　3、露天作(zuo)業和外腳手架作(zuo)業多(duo)

　　鋁單(dan)板幕墻的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)是露(lu)天作業且多(duo)(duo)數采用外腳手架作業，施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序又在主(zhu)體(ti)鋁單(dan)板結(jie)構施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)后面(mian)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)外腳手架在經過較長(chang)時間的(de)(de)(de)日曬雨淋(lin)和前面(mian)多(duo)(duo)種工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)作業使(shi)用后會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)事故隱患，如腳手板損壞，架體(ti)與鋁單(dan)板結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)拉結(jie)松脫或失效(xiao)，架體(ti)內和架體(ti)鋁單(dan)板物之間的(de)(de)(de)封閉失效(xiao)等(deng)。這種特點增加了施工(gong)(gong)安全管理(li)復雜(za)性(xing)和管理(li)難度。

　　4、鋁單板幕墻結構焊接施工防(fang)火形(xing)勢嚴峻(jun)

　　在鋁單板幕墻結構(gou)施(shi)工過程(cheng)中，龍骨和(he)轉接件(jian)與主體結構(gou)預(yu)埋件(jian)焊(han)接使用(yong)頻繁，又(you)屬于(yu)高處作(zuo)業(ye)，焊(han)花四濺，所使用(yong)的雙面膠帶(dai)、填充棒(bang)等屬易(yi)燃材(cai)料，極易(yi)形(xing)成火災隱患，加之施(shi)工作(zuo)業(ye)點(dian)較分散的特點(dian)，給安全(quan)管理帶(dai)來諸(zhu)多(duo)的不便。

　5、鋁單板幕墻當前施工(gong)現(xian)狀

　　在(zai)鋁(lv)單(dan)板施工實踐中，由于工期原(yuan)因，總包單(dan)位的垂直運輸設(she)備往往難于滿足其它專業需(xu)求，各(ge)個分包單(dan)位卻根據自身(shen)特(te)(te)點采用特(te)(te)殊工具設(she)備，鋁(lv)單(dan)板幕(mu)墻安裝過程中使用到的垂直運輸設(she)備在(zai)安裝、運輸和拆卸(xie)過程中的安全技術問題也是一大特(te)(te)點，比如：外伸懸(xuan)臂軌道吊(diao)、卸(xie)料平(ping)臺、電動葫蘆以(yi)及異形吊(diao)籃裝置等設(she)備。

　　6、鋁(lv)單板(ban)幕(mu)墻施(shi)工安(an)全(quan)管理的協作配合(he)關系復雜

　　鋁單板幕(mu)墻施工安全管理(li)(li)要得到有效實施除(chu)自(zi)身的(de)努力外(wai)，尚(shang)需參與工程施工的(de)相關(guan)方面協作(zuo)配合。由于各(ge)(ge)施工參建單位的(de)責任主體(ti)不(bu)同(tong)，考(kao)慮各(ge)(ge)自(zi)合同(tong)、工期和(he)業(ye)主等復雜關(guan)系，總(zong)包和(he)各(ge)(ge)專業(ye)工種交叉(cha)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)安全管理(li)(li)工作(zuo)配合協調(diao)也是一項關(guan)鍵(jian)。

　　7、鋁單板幕墻危險源分析和風險控制(zhi)

　　鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)特點(dian)決定(ding)了(le)鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)行業(ye)是(shi)高(gao)危險(xian)、事故(gu)多(duo)(duo)發(fa)行業(ye)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)的(de)(de)流(liu)動性(xing)(xing)(xing)、鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)產(chan)品的(de)(de)單(dan)件性(xing)(xing)(xing)和類型多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)(xing)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)復雜(za)性(xing)(xing)(xing)都決定(ding)了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)確定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)難以(yi)避免，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作環境必然呈多(duo)(duo)變狀(zhuang)態，因而(er)容易發(fa)生安全事故(gu)。另外鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)幕(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)勞動的(de)(de)非(fei)標準化(hua)，使得(de)繁重體力勞動量(liang)多(duo)(duo)，而(er)勞動者素(su)質(zhi)又相對較(jiao)低，這些都增加了(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)不(bu)安全因素(su)。

　　8、重大危險(xian)(xian)源辨識和風險(xian)(xian)控制(zhi)是(shi)施工(gong)安(an)全保證

　　鋁單板幕(mu)墻重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)辨識(shi)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要要素。“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)”簡言之就是(shi)(shi)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中各(ge)(ge)類(lei)容易(yi)構(gou)成(cheng)事故的(de)(de)(de)不安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)因素和隱(yin)患(huan)。對重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，主要是(shi)(shi)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開始前，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目各(ge)(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)資料、當前的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態、外部環境、管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種因素進行分析、預(yu)測，以便在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中對關鍵(jian)的(de)(de)(de)部位、關鍵(jian)的(de)(de)(de)環節進行重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，起到安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)防范的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)前識(shi)別(bie)現場的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)，根據(ju)其危(wei)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)程(cheng)(cheng)度制(zhi)(zhi)定可控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)有效措施(shi)，隨著(zhu)科技的(de)(de)(de)進步、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管(guan)理模式的(de)(de)(de)不斷更新(xin)，正確(que)地(di)運用(yong)管(guan)理體系中“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)辨識(shi)及(ji)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，才(cai)能把重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)事故消滅在萌芽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，確(que)保(bao)幕(mu)墻施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。

　9、重(zhong)大(da)危(wei)險(xian)源(yuan)失控是發生重(zhong)大(da)安全事故的根源(yuan)

　　在鋁單板幕墻(qiang)工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)活動(dong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，凡是(shi)發生重(zhong)大(da)安全(quan)(quan)事故(gu)(gu)的單位(wei)，絕大(da)多數是(shi)由于重(zhong)大(da)危險源(yuan)失(shi)(shi)控造成的。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)違章操作，在安全(quan)(quan)管理與安全(quan)(quan)教育上失(shi)(shi)誤，也(ye)沒有(you)(you)必要的安全(quan)(quan)防(fang)范措施(shi)(shi)，重(zhong)大(da)安全(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)導致了重(zhong)大(da)事故(gu)(gu)。對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場中(zhong)沒有(you)(you)對重(zhong)大(da)危險源(yuan)辨(bian)識及制定和(he)編制專(zhuan)項的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理方案，也(ye)沒有(you)(you)派(pai)專(zhuan)人對其(qi)進行監督、檢查實施(shi)(shi)。

　10、施工(gong)(gong)單位沒(mei)有較高的(de)(de)安全意識，沒(mei)有認識重大(da)危(wei)險(xian)源的(de)(de)控制對安全施工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)重要性，并及早地采(cai)取防范措施，加強施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場的(de)(de)安全管(guan)理(li)，現(xian)(xian)場施工(gong)(gong)人員按章操作，這起(qi)重大(da)傷亡事故是完(wan)全可以避免的(de)(de)。事實證明，施工(gong)(gong)現(xian)(xian)場重大(da)危(wei)險(xian)源管(guan)理(li)失控，是安全事故發生的(de)(de)根(gen)源。

　　11、重大(da)危險源辨識及風險評價推導事故(gu)防范規律，學會運用重大(da)危險源識別(bie)和分析重大(da)危險源的(de)風險程(cheng)度，就能掌握施工過程(cheng)中控制事故(gu)發生(sheng)的(de)主動(dong)權，所以它在施工過程(cheng)中占(zhan)有非常(chang)重要的(de)地位。

　　由(you)于鋁單板(ban)幕墻自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，各(ge)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)危險源(yuan)是客觀存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這就要求各(ge)安全(quan)管理(li)部門、安全(quan)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)要有扎實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)業務知識和(he)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)突發事件的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力，在(zai)安全(quan)監督管理(li)及檢查過程中(zhong)，有效(xiao)地(di)運用管理(li)體系中(zhong)重(zhong)大(da)危險源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辨識和(he)評(ping)價，將(jiang)各(ge)類(lei)重(zhong)大(da)危險源(yuan)分門別(bie)類(lei)并且制定相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)措施，同時針對性地(di)對控制措施進行檢查。